The two standards for diabetic diet are exchange list and glycemic index (newer research), though there's lots of room for variation between the two. Check the American Diabetes website (www.diabetes.org) for details on diet. Please note exercise is also an important part of controlling diabetes/lowering blood sugar. The ADA website is a good starting source for this as well.

As for medications, it depends on the type of diabetes (I, II, gestational, etc.) - for instance, Type I will need insulin and Type II or gestational may be able to live long healthy lives with diet and exercise alone, may need pills to assist with insulin processing and/or production, or may need insulin.

This is a pretty complex question, and again a good starting place is the ADA website. I would hope your doc would also give you this information, and/or refer you to a nutritionist, endocrinologist, dietician, etc. If not, there's plenty of info. if you search Google or Yahoo for it, on here in Diabetes Best Answers, and of course you already asked for and got information here.

Good luck! (: